Thesis Abstract
-The abstract is a summary of the whole thesis. It presents all the major elements of your work in a highly condensed form.
Thesis Statement
-The purpose of a main idea or writing assignment to control ideas presented.
Bias
Constructionism
-Constructionism advocates student-centered, discovery learning where students use what they already know, to acquire more knowledge.
-(in the context of learning) people learn effectively through making things.
Content Analysis
-A research tool used to determine the presence of certain words, themes, or concepts within some given qualitative data. Using content analysis, researchers can quantify and analyze the presence, meanings, and relationships of such certain words, themes, or concepts.
Control Group
-A control group in a scientific experiment is a group separated from the rest of the experiment, where the independent variable being tested cannot influence the results. (Ex. People taking Placebo instead of test medication)
-The control group is composed of participants who do not receive the experimental treatment.
Critical Theory
-Critical Theory is a social theory that aims to critique and change society as a whole. It involves being critical of the prevailing view of society.
-Critical theory aims to address oppressive beliefs and practices that have become ingrained in society. If an oppressive practice is identified, these theorists believe it can be corrected to reduce the impact on marginalized populations.
-Ex) Critical theory in education addresses the unequal distribution of funds, attention, and educational means amongst students.
Epistemology
-how did I come to know reality?By using different methodologies. Knowledge can be measured
-the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
-An example of epistemology is a thesis paper on the source of knowledge. (uncountable) The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?".
Ethnomethodology
-The study of how people make sense of and navigate their everyday world through orderly norms and rituals.
-Is the study of how people use social interaction to maintain an ongoing sense of reality in a situation.
-Ex) Why does waving mean saying hello/goodbye?
Feminism Theory
- focuses on analyzing gender inequality. Themes often explored in feminist theory include discrimination, objectification (sexual objectification), oppression, patriarchy, stereotyping, art history
Hypothesis
-a supposition or proposed explanation // usually made off limited evidence
-proposed explanations for why a phenomenon occurs that then serve as a starting point for research. Scientists put forward a hypothesis and then conduct experiments using the scientific method to see if the hypothesis is true or false
Idiographic Explanation
-Focuses on individual cases or events
-Described as a tendency to specify
Ex)In psychology, it's the study of the individual, who is seen as a unique agent with a unique life history, with properties setting them apart from other individuals
Interpretivism
-reality is subjective, socially constructed, and a composite of multiple perspectives.
+Through this lens, research is inherently shaped by the researcher, who brings their own subjective view of observed phenomena based on their personal experience.
-in contrast of positivsm
Nomothetic Explanation-relating to, involving, or dealing with abstract, general, or universal statements or laws.
Ontology
-The study of what is reality
-Ex) when a physicist establishes different categories to divide existing things into in order to better understand those things and how they fit together in the broader world. Like Mammals vs Reptiles
Paradigm
-How one understands reality
-Theoretical paradigms- a set of concepts, ideas, and theories that frame your understanding on a certain topic
-These paradigms are the fundamental assumption that sociologists have about the social world.
Ex) -social issue facts will be interpreted differently through a paradigm by the right and left
Ex) -when you come up with your thesis, your goal is to create new knowledge or extend existing knowledge which is in a nutshell is a new paradigm
-Textbook Definition: Is a theoretical point of view that holds that an individual’s behavior is determined by their experience of directly interacting with phenomena. Because these experiences may be different for different individuals—because everyone interprets phenomena and attaches their own meanings to said phenomena in different ways— researchers must first develop some sort of empathic understanding with their research subjects. Only then can they learn that individual’s process for interpreting phenomena.
-Stanford Definition: is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view."
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-Simplified Definition:"Phenomenological theorists focus on two kinds of subjective experience."
1)"The first is how people experience themselves in relation to others."
2)"The second kind of experience is what might be called internal monitoring, or people’s intuitive sense of their own inclinations."
Plagiarism
-The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.
Positivism
-Simply put, the scientific study of the social world—or more specifically, the scientific study of the social dynamics between people on an individual and societal level. The driving force behind positivism is logic.
-positivists believe the same methods of research, observation, analysis, and reporting used in the fields of biology, chemistry, and physics should also apply to the fields of sociology and psychology.
+To accomplish this, positivists focus (almost exclusively) on the testing of hypotheses
Qualitative Research
-more observational research method (don’t have quantitative attached to it)
-more group, opinion, and observations
-It focuses on the "why" rather than the "what" of social phenomena and relies on the direct experiences of human beings as meaning-making agents in their every day lives.
non-numerical data, like interview responses, stories, or personal observations
Quantitative Research-QUANT=Number - represented numerically
-in form of one or more metrics (such as task completion rates or task times)
-sharp and focused
-is the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data
Semiotics
-is the study of how an idea or object communicates meaning — and what meaning it communicates.
-is the study of signs, symbols, and signification. It is the study of how meaning is created, not what it is.
-Ex) Coffee evokes comfort, alertness, and creativity
Symbolic Interactionism
-assumes that people respond to elements of their environments according to the subjective meanings they attach to those elements
Ex) the word 'dog' is just a series of letters. Through your interactions with the letters 'dog', you see this as a furry, four-legged canine.
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